Ensure ARIA buttons, links, and menu items have accessible names

WCAG 4.1.2
Name, Role, Value

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Accessibility isn’t just about avoiding violations — it’s about ensuring that everyone can use your product with confidence. This guide explains each rule’s intent, highlights common issues, and shows how to fix them according to WCAG and the European Accessibility Act (EAA).

These guidelines do not replace the official WCAG standards. They’re concise, developer-focused notes to help you identify and fix issues effectively.

Every interactive ARIA element must have a descriptive name.

Why this matters and how to fix it

Why this matters

Screen readers announce interactive elements by their accessible name. Without a name, ARIA buttons, links, or menu items are announced generically, making them unusable for users relying on assistive technology.

How to fix this issue

Provide an accessible name for every command element. Visible text is usually sufficient. For icon-only elements, use `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` to describe the action, not just the element type.

Automated detection · Manual review recommended

Developer guidance

Common in icon-only buttons or custom ARIA components. Require `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` when no text is present. Enforce this in component libraries and CI using the GetWCAG automated scanner.

Code examples

Incorrect Implementation

<div role="button"></div>

Correct Implementation

<div role="button" aria-label="Submit"></div>

Real-World Examples

Before

<div role="button"></div> <!-- Screen reader announces only 'button' -->

After

<div role="button" aria-label="Submit"></div> <!-- Screen reader announces 'Submit, button' -->

Manual testing

  1. 1. Identify all ARIA buttons, links, and menu items.
  2. 2. Verify each has a visible text label or `aria-label` / `aria-labelledby`.
  3. 3. Test with a screen reader to confirm the name is announced correctly.
  4. 4. Check that icon-only elements have meaningful labels.
  5. 5. Run automated accessibility checks to enforce naming.
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